Peter Whittinghill (1752-1844) - Ancestor of Mysterious Origin

 

Shenandoah Valley

When I read family traditions regarding an ancestor, I'm reminded of an Antiques Roadshow episode years ago when a woman produced a large decorative teapot and proclaimed, "This came over with my ancestors on the Mayflower in 1620." The host intoned, "Madam, the teapot didn't arrive in Britain until the early 1700s." Then turning it over to read the mark, he added, "And yours was made in England in the 1880s." You should have seen her face fall. 

The descendants of Peter Whittinghill (c.1752-1844) (our 5th great-grandfather) had numerous family traditions about his origins.

From the 1987 revision of Michael L. Cook's The Whittinghill Family in America:  "(1) One family legend is that he was kidnapped and impressed as a seaman on a ship sailing to America in 1770, at the age of eighteen, and upon landing in Virginia (or Pennsylvania), he escaped. [H]e either assumed a fictitious name in order to escape his abductors, or . . . was illiterate . . . and with an accent, the name sounded like Whittinghill . . . (2) . . . Peter was a stowaway on a ship sailing to this country, and the captain discovered him en route, grew fond of him, and sponsored his entry into the state of Pennsylvania where he took the name Whittinghill for safety. . . But the family favorite was (3) . . . Peter Whittinighill was a Hessian soldier, transported to this country by the British . . . he changed his allegiance and joined the colonists in their bid for freedom in the American Revolution." The author, however, found no similar name in German records of Hessian mercenary troops.

The first white settlements in the beautiful Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, lying west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, were not a result of the Virginia Tidewater Europeans spreading plantation life west, but founded by Pennsylvania German and Scots-Irish Borderers, who had originally immigrated to Pennsylvania Colony. They moved south down the Great Wagon Road from western Pennsylvania into the Valley of Virginia, trickling in during the 1730s, then at an accelerating speed into the 1750s and until the American Revolution.  

Augusta County, Virginia (originally covering more territory than now, much of it in present-day West Virginia)

And here I should tell you that Peter Whittinghill married
Catherine Gabbart (Gerbert Gabbad Gabhardt Gabhart) (1750-1830) (our 5th great-grandmother) about 1778 in the part of Augusta County, Virginia, that later became West Virginia, and that he was closely associated, perhaps even before the marriage, with our 6th great-grandparents, Mathias and Christina Gabbart, who operated a grinding mill. Peter may have apprenticed with the Gabbarts, for he, too, became a miller. 

Baden-Württemberg

Mathias Gabbart was born in 1720 in Schwaigern, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, to Johann Fredrich (1699-1750) and Susanna Gabbart (1692-1736), our 7th great-grandparents. He immigrated at age eleven with his parents and siblings in 1731, landing in Philadelphia, and later moving to Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

Even though Mathias moved down to Virginia in the 1750s, I suppose we can say we're descended from a Pennsylvania Dutch family since his parents must have died in Lancaster County. Mathias had four sons and nine daughters with Christina Bumgardner (Kremer). He died on July 3, 1798 in Augusta County at age 70. Christina also was born in Schwaigern, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (1725) and arrived in Philadelphia perhaps on the same ship in 1731. She had three children from a first marriage and 13 children with Mathias. She also died in 1798, which makes me think influenza, yellow fever or another pestilence took them. We know Mathias was in Augusta County by 1769 when he purchased 150 acres in Beverly Manor from the son of the first settler, Robert Young (an immigrant from County Antrim, (Northern) Ireland). As I mentioned earlier, at this time most of the settlers in Augusta County were Scots-Irish and German Protestants from the Palatinate along the Rhine River. You will recall that our other line of German ancestry, the Utterbacks (Otterbach), had earlier settled in Germanna,Virginia. Read about it HERE

Well, back to Peter Whittinghill, who was most likely German-speaking and most likely migrated south out of Pennsylvania with the Gabbarts, apprenticed to Mathias as a miller. He married Mathias' oldest daughter Catherine Gabbart about 1778. 

Mill built in early 19th century in Rockbridge County, Virginia

Peter Whittinghill's first known land purchase was in Rockbridge County (formerly part of Augusta). As a grantee, he was "Peter Whittingham." When he sold the property a few years later, he was "Peter Whittinghill." 

Rockbridge County, Virginia

This we know is true. Peter served in the American Revolutionary War on behalf of the colonies in the Virginia Riflemen, 2nd Division, Virginia Militia, but not necessarily well. In Augusta County, on October 22, 1778, he was charged (spelled on the paperwork as Peter Wittenhill) for being absent without leave from Captain John Young's Company, and not appearing at a private muster on September 4, 1778 (along with a number of other militiamen), and summoned to appear at the next meeting of the military court held under Colonel Sampson Mathews. Read about Mathews HERE. Peter had recently married - a reasonable excuse for not showing up, I'm sure. But he additionally failed to muster six more times through 1782. The militia was so desperate for men, he probably was only fined for his repetitive breaches of proper military conduct. Because he was present and accounted for during the entire year of 1781, he likely participated in the Battle of Richmond early in the year against Benedict Arnold and the Siege of Yorktown in October. He might have witnessed Cornwallis' surrender. He never applied for a pension, and the militia roster appears lost; so these AWOLs are our only proof that he fought for his new country.
 

Surrender of Cornwallis by John Trumbull

Peter Whittinghill first appeared on the Augusta County tax list in 1779. During the following two decades he and his father-in-law Mathias would purchase land, build a mill, operate it for a few years and then sell it - at a profit, I expect.  They stayed in business together until about 1796. By 1797 or 1798 when their last daughter Jane was born, Peter and Catherine were already "bound away for Kentuk." Mathias and Christina died in Augusta County in 1798.

Mercer County, Kentucky

The 1810 census shows Peter, Catherine and their children in Mercer County, apparently with some of Catherine's siblings and possibly neighbors. Peter built and operated a mill. It may have been on the Kentucky River, which flows from south to north through the county on its way to the Ohio River.

Kentucky River Watershed

By 1816 they were in Ohio County, Kentucky, where daughter Elizabeth (Whittenhill on the marriage certificate) (1794-1859) and William Erwin (1790-1855) married and became our 4th great-grandparents. Perhaps Peter built a mill on the Green River.

Green River, Ohio County, Kentucky

Sometime before the 1820 census, Peter got an itchy foot and they  loaded barges with their household goods, livestock and grinding stones (or maybe sold the mill and left them) and poled down the Green River to the Ohio, then up it a short way to Spencer County, Indiana, because Indiana, admitted to the Union in 1816, was the place to be.

Green River Watershed

Some of their children went with them but, now adults, they established their own homes there. Peter and Catherine were living alone in the 1820 census. In the1830 census they were in Grass Township, Spencer County.

Spencer County, Indiana

Catherine died in 1830 and on 1 June 1831, Peter moved a few miles north, purchased nearly 80 acres of land and built a corn-cracking mill at Gentryville, Spencer County, a year after Abraham Lincoln, who grew up just outside Gentryville, left for Illinois. Did he ever see the gawky young man rambling along the road? Lincoln returned to give a speech in 1844, the year Peter died in neighboring Warrick County.

Peter does appear in the History of Warrick, Spencer and Perry Counties, published in the 1885; he was noted for having operated a grist mill in Spencer County. "The corn-cracker was turned by a sweep, each man hitching on his horse or oxen to grind his own grain and afterward turning the bolt by hand." Peter's son,William Whittinghill (1795-1850) is mentioned for having "caught a large black wolf across the line in Warrick County, and brought it over to Gentryville, where it was disabled and made to fight the dogs. It could lick any of them singly. Whittinghill tanned deer, wolf, bear and other skins at his tannery." 

Peter was buried at the Samuel Gentry Burial ground, NW of Folsomville, in Owen Township. This cemetery is on land now largely strip-mined by the coal industry; a remnant of the cemetery  lies on a knoll, part of it fallen into a pit. Only a few eroded sandstone markers remain. 

Pleasant Whittinghill (1826-1907), a grandson, served in the Mexican War.  

Benjamin F. Whittinghill, another grandson (1838-1910 ) served in the Union army, Company I of the 53rd Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, and saw much action with Grant. He was ordered with 31 others to charge across a field during the Battle of Kenesaw Mountain outside of Atlanta in 1864. Fourteen were killed or wounded and Benjamin, with two others, was captured.  His two companions died in the Confederate prison and when he was released, he was so emaciated from ill-treatment and starvation, he could hardly walk.

A granddaughter of Peter, remembering him in her 80s, recalled that he was very old and still had an accent from "the old country." What country that was, we'll never really know.

Our Earliest Indiana Ancestors - The Erwins and Whittinghills: Part 1

 

America in 1820

Our earliest ancestors to settle in Indiana were the Erwins and the Whitinghills in 1818. 


But first, we'll revisit our 2nd great-grandmother, Nancy Jane (Dougan) Rainey (1847- c.1876), our 2nd great-grandfather Everett Rainey's wife, who died in a kitchen fire with their daughter Sarah (b. 1867). Because Everett remarried in March 1877 to Polly Ann Early, I thought Nancy and Sarah died only a few months earlier and Everett had to find a wife to care for our great-grandfather James Samuel (1868-1954) and his sister Cordelia (1872-1918) while Everett farmed. I looked in vain for a report of their deaths in The Jerome Observer, a weekly newspaper published in a nearby county, which had a gruesome column titled "Haps and Mishaps" that detailed tragic deaths. I searched only the cooler months of 1875 and 1876 because Pat Raney recalls hearing that little Sarah was making hot chocolate for her father and brother when her dress caught fire. But he farmed next to where his mother lived, so she most likely cared for the children until he remarried. You can refresh your memory on the awful event HERE.

Nancy Jane Dougan's and her brother Peter's mother was Mary Ann "Polly" Erwin (1817-1850), first wife of their father Samuel B. Dougan (1820-1870). You'll recall that the Dougans immigrated from County Donegal in the early 1700s to Pennsylvania, then down to North Carolina Colony in time to fight in the American Revolution. After the war some Dougans migrated into Tennessee and northern Alabama before heading up to Dyer County in western Tennessee (to settle on a Dougan Revolutionary War veteran's land grant), and finally up into southern Indiana by about 1830. 

Dyer County, Tennessee

Samuel B. Dougan (1820-1870), our 3rd great-grandfather, and Charles Carl Dougan (1816-1896) were apparently brothers (as a descendant of Charles Carl recently informed me through Ancestry.com). She also says it's her family's tradition that they were orphans, taken along on the Dougan migration to Tennessee and Indiana. I was uncertain on the identities of their fathers or, as it turned out, father. Whatever their Dougan lineage, after moving up to Indiana with the Dougan clan, they each married an Erwin. 

Warrick County, Indiana

In 1842 in Warrick County, Mary Ann "Polly" Erwin (1817-1850), our 3rd great-grandmother, married Samuel, and her niece, Sarah Elizabeth Erwin (1843-1917), later became Charles Carl's 2nd wife. But that's not all.  In those days Polly was a nickname for Mary and earlier another Mary "Polly" Erwin (1812-1886), our Polly's aunt, married a Dougan uncle or cousin named Samuel A. (allegedly for "Alabama") Dougan (1810-1862). These pairings caused me no end of frustration as I tried again and again to marry the correct Erwin women to the correct Dougan men in my tree. And wouldn't you know that in the 1850 censuses, both Samuel B. and brother Charles Carl had daughters named Nancy. Eventually I noticed that Charles Carl's daughter was Nancy E. Dougan and Samuel B. Dougan's daughter was Nancy J. Dougan. And that's when I realized Samuel B. Dougan was our 3rd great-grandfather. After Polly's death in 1850, Samuel remarried and had numerous children. 

Our 3rd great-uncle Peter Dougan

 By 1860 when he was 15, Polly's son Peter Dougan (1845-1922) was farmed out to John Erwin, his uncle. He married Sarah Jane Bass in 1863, and then enlisted with Company I Indiana 42nd Infantry Regiment on March 8, 1864, was promoted to Full Corporal and Mustered out on May 17, 1865.

Sherman T. Dougan, son of Samuel B. Dougan from his 2nd marriage. I wonder if he looked like his dad. He resembles his half-brother Peter.

Turning now to the Erwins. Polly Erwin's parents were William Erwin (1790-1855) and Elizabeth Whitinghill (1794-1859), our 4th great-grandparents. 

William Erwin was born in 1790 in Virginia. Based on the 1810 census, he may have been living in Henry County, Kentucky, with his parents, Joseph Erwin (5th great-grandfather) and an unknown mother. 

Henry County, Kentucky

He married Elizabeth Whittinghill in Ohio County, Kentucky, on 10 Dec 1816. 

Ohio County, Kentucky

They had Polly, their oldest, in Kentucky before moving to Warrick County, Indiana, in 1818, our earliest ancestors to settle in Indiana, where they had four more children. William Erwin died in 1855 at age 65. It's through his son John Erwin that we learn a bit about the family. 

 A History of Warrick, Spencer and Perry Counties, Indiana was published in 1885 by Goodspeed Bros. Co. It published the histories of many American counties, sending out salesmen to approach prominent county officials, businessmen and farmers, obtain family biographies and solicit subcriptions for each county history. It was in a way a vanity scam, just as present-day Who's Who in America books are, but those old books became a boon to researchers. William Erwin's son and Polly's younger brother John (1820-1892) was approached. Perhaps he was shown his family's name in the Lane Township history already printed.
 
Among the first substantial settlers in this township the Gentry family occupies an important place. Among the first was William Gentry, who came in 1821, and Matthew Gentry in 1822, both from North Carolina. They located on land not far from the village of Folsomville, and were for years prominent in county affairs. The first purchase of land in the township was in 1820, when William Erwin became the owner of eighty acres in Section 33. . . .

John must have been shown not only his father's name, but that of his maternal uncle David Whitinghill, son of his grandfather Peter Whitinghill.
 
Lane Township is the one last organized of any in the county [out] of Owen Township. It was named in honor of Gen. Joseph Lane, one of America's illustrious men, who was at one time a resident . . . . Prominent among its early settlers was William Scales ... Stephen Hanby, David Whitinghill . . . 

Then the salesman would have asked for John Erwin's family history to be added to the book . . . and how many subscriptions would he like for himself and as gifts for family members. This is what appeared about our 4th great-uncle:

John Erwin, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Owen Township, in this county and State, May 24, 1820, and is the second of six children born to the marriage of William Erwin and Elizabeth Whitinghill, who were natives respectively of Virginia and Pennsylvania. William Erwin came to Warrick County, Ind., at the early year of 1818, and the county never knew a more loyal citizen. He died in 1855. John Erwin received his education from the old-fashioned log-schoolhouse of that day, and until twenty years old assisted his parents on the home farm. September 17, 1839, Mary J. Carnahan became his wife, and by him the mother of five children named Minerva, Sarah E., Nancy E., John F., and Mary. He was married to his second wife, who was formerly Alice Bethell, April 15, 1859. Mr. Erwin began life's battle a poor boy, and by industry and good management has secured a comfortable home and valuable property. Although a Democrat of the stanchest kind, he is by no means an office seeker. Notwithstanding he has served over eight years as Trustee of Lane Township, and over two years as County Commissioner, in each office serving his constituents with fidelity and credit.
 
Pretty heady stuff.

 In my next blog I'll tell you about Elizabeth Whitinghill Erwin's  father Peter Whitinghill (1752-1844) (our 5th great-grandfather), and the mystery regarding his origins.